@article {2137, title = {Voluntary brain regulation and communication with electrocorticogram signals.}, journal = {Epilepsy Behav}, volume = {13}, year = {2008}, month = {08/2008}, pages = {300-6}, abstract = {

Brain-computer interfaces\ (BCIs) can be used for communication in writing without muscular activity or for learning to control seizures by voluntary regulation of\ brain\ signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG). Three of five patients with epilepsy were able to spell their names with electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals derived from motor-related areas within only one or two training sessions. Imagery of finger or tongue movements was classified with support-vector classification of autoregressive coefficients derived from the ECoG signals. After training of the classifier, binary classification responses were used to select letters from a\ computer-generated menu. Offline analysis showed increased theta activity in the unsuccessful patients, whereas the successful patients exhibited dominant sensorimotor rhythms that they could control. The high spatial resolution and increased signal-to-noise ratio in ECoG signals, combined with short training periods, may offer an alternative for communication in complete paralysis, locked-in syndrome, and motor restoration.

}, keywords = {Adult, Biofeedback, Psychology, Cerebral Cortex, Communication Aids for Disabled, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Partial, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Software, Somatosensory Cortex, Theta Rhythm, User-Computer Interface, Writing}, issn = {1525-5069}, doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.03.014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18495541}, author = {Hinterberger, T. and Widman, Guido and Lal, T.N and Jeremy Jeremy Hill and Tangermann, Michael and Rosenstiel, W. and Sch{\"o}lkopf, B and Elger, Christian and Niels Birbaumer} } @inbook {2139, title = {Brain Computer Interfaces for Communication in Paralysis: a Clinical-Experimental Approach.}, year = {2007}, publisher = {Virtual Library of Psychology at Saarland University and State Library, GERMANY, PsyDok [http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/phpoai/oai2.php] (Germany)}, organization = {Virtual Library of Psychology at Saarland University and State Library, GERMANY, PsyDok [http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/phpoai/oai2.php] (Germany)}, abstract = {

An overview of different approaches to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) developed in our laboratory is given. An important clinical application of BCIs is to enable communication or environmental control in severely paralyzed patients. The BCI {\textquotedblleft}Thought-Translation Device (TTD){\textquotedblright} allows verbal communication through the voluntary self-regulation of brain signals (e.g., slow cortical potentials (SCPs)), which is achieved by operant feedback training. Humans{\textquoteright} ability to self-regulate their SCPs is used to move a cursor toward a target that contains a selectable letter set. Two different approaches were followed to developWeb browsers that could be controlled with binary brain responses. Implementing more powerful classification methods including different signal parameters such as oscillatory features improved our BCI considerably. It was also tested on signals with implanted electrodes. Most BCIs provide the user with a visual feedback interface. Visually impaired patients require an auditory feedback mode. A procedure using auditory (sonified) feedback of multiple EEG parameters was evaluated. Properties of the auditory systems are reported and the results of two experiments with auditory feedback are presented. Clinical data of eight ALS patients demonstrated that all patients were able to acquire efficient brain control of one of the three available BCI systems (SCP, {\textmu}-rhythm, and P300), most of them used the SCP-BCI. A controlled comparison of the three systems in a group of ALS patients, however, showed that P300-BCI and the {\textmu}-BCI are faster and more easily acquired than SCP-BCI, at least in patients with some rudimentary motor control left. Six patients who started BCI training after entering the completely locked-in state did not achieve reliable communication skills with any BCI system. One completely locked-in patient was able t o communicate shortly with a ph-meter, but lost control afterward.

}, keywords = {brain-computer interfaces, EEG, experiment, Medical sciences Medicine, paralyzed patients, slow cortical potentials, Thought-Translation Device}, isbn = {9780262256049}, url = {http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2008/2154/}, author = {Hinterberger, T. and Nijboer, F and K{\"u}bler, A. and Matuz, T. and Adrian Furdea and Mochty, Ursula and Jordan, M. and Lal, T.N and Jeremy Jeremy Hill and Mellinger, J{\"u}rgen and Bensch, M and Tangermann, Michael and Widmann, G. and Elger, Christian and Rosenstiel, W. and Sch{\"o}lkopf, B and Niels Birbaumer} }