@article {3552, title = {Spontaneous Decoding of the Timing and Content of Human Object Perception from Cortical Surface Recordings Reveals Complementary Information in the Event-Related Potential and Broadband Spectral Change.}, journal = {PLoS computational biology}, volume = {12}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan}, pages = {e1004660}, abstract = {The link between object perception and neural activity in visual cortical areas is a problem of fundamental importance in neuroscience. Here we show that electrical potentials from the ventral temporal cortical surface in humans contain sufficient information for spontaneous and near-instantaneous identification of a subject{\textquoteright}s perceptual state. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) arrays were placed on the subtemporal cortical surface of seven epilepsy patients. Grayscale images of faces and houses were displayed rapidly in random sequence. We developed a template projection approach to decode the continuous ECoG data stream spontaneously, predicting the occurrence, timing and type of visual stimulus. In this setting, we evaluated the independent and joint use of two well-studied features of brain signals, broadband changes in the frequency power spectrum of the potential and deflections in the raw potential trace (event-related potential; ERP). Our ability to predict both the timing of stimulus onset and the type of image was best when we used a combination of both the broadband response and ERP, suggesting that they capture different and complementary aspects of the subject{\textquoteright}s perceptual state. Specifically, we were able to predict the timing and type of 96\% of all stimuli, with less than 5\% false positive rate and a {\textasciitilde}20ms error in timing.}, keywords = {Visual Perception}, issn = {1553-7358}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004660}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820899}, author = {Miller, Kai J. and Gerwin Schalk and Hermes, Dora and Ojemann, Jeffrey G. and Rao, Rajesh P. N.} } @article {2165, title = {The Wadsworth Center brain-computer interface (BCI) research and development program.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng}, volume = {11}, year = {2003}, month = {06/2003}, pages = {204-7}, abstract = {

Brain-computer interface (BCI) research at the Wadsworth Center has focused primarily on using electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythms recorded from the scalp over sensorimotor cortex to\ control\ cursor movement in one or two dimensions. Recent and current studies seek to improve the speed and accuracy of this\ control\ by improving the selection of signal features and their translation into device commands, by incorporating additional signal features, and by optimizing the adaptive interaction between the user and system. In addition, to facilitate the evaluation, comparison, and combination of alternative BCI methods, we have developed a general-purpose BCI system called BCI-2000 and have made it available to other research\ groups. Finally, in collaboration with several other\ groups, we are developing simple BCI applications and are testing their practicality and long-term value for people with severe motor disabilities.

}, keywords = {Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Algorithms, Artifacts, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Feedback, Humans, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Research, Research Design, User-Computer Interface, Visual Perception}, issn = {1534-4320}, doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814442}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12899275}, author = {Jonathan Wolpaw and Dennis J. McFarland and Theresa M Vaughan and Gerwin Schalk} }