@article {2242, title = {Advances in the application of technology to epilepsy: the CIMIT/NIO Epilepsy Innovation Summit.}, journal = {Epilepsy Behav}, volume = {16}, year = {2009}, month = {09/2009}, pages = {3-46}, abstract = {

In 2008, a group of clinicians, scientists, engineers, and industry representatives met to discuss advances in the application of engineering technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. The presentations also provided a guide for further technological development, specifically in the evaluation of patients for epilepsy surgery, seizure onset detection and seizure prediction, intracranial treatment systems, and extracranial treatment systems. This article summarizes the discussions and demonstrates that cross-disciplinary interactions can catalyze collaborations between physicians and engineers to address and solve many of the pressing unmet needs in epilepsy.

}, keywords = {Adult, Anticonvulsants, Brain Mapping, Child, Drug Resistance, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Electroencephalography, Engineering, Epilepsy, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medical Laboratory Science, Microelectrodes, Nanoparticles, Neurons, Neurosurgery, Neurotoxins, Predictive Value of Tests, Seizures, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Tomography, Optical, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation}, issn = {1525-5069}, doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.06.028}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19780225}, author = {Schachter, Steven C and Guttag, John and Schiff, Steven J and Schomer, Donald L} } @article {2178, title = {The emerging world of motor neuroprosthetics: a neurosurgical perspective.}, journal = {Neurosurgery}, volume = {59}, year = {2006}, month = {07/2006}, pages = {1-14; discussion 1-14}, abstract = {

A MOTOR NEUROPROSTHETIC device, or\ brain computer interface, is a machine that can take some type of signal from the\ brain\ and convert that information into overt device control such that it reflects the intentions of the user{\textquoteright}s\ brain. In essence, these constructs can decode the electrophysiological signals representing motor intent. With the parallel evolution of neuroscience, engineering, and rapid computing, the era of clinical neuroprosthetics is approaching as a practical reality for people with severe motor impairment. Patients with such diseases as spinal cord injury, stroke, limb loss, and neuromuscular disorders may benefit through the implantation of these\ brain computer interfaces\ that serve to augment their ability to communicate and interact with their environment. In the upcoming years, it will be important for the neurosurgeon to understand what a\ brain computer interface\ is, its fundamental principle of operation, and what the salient surgical issues are when considering implantation. We review the current state of the field of motor neuroprosthetics research, the early clinical applications, and the essential considerations from a neurosurgical perspective for the future.

}, keywords = {Brain, Humans, Man-Machine Systems, Movement, Neurosurgery, Prostheses and Implants, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1524-4040}, doi = {10.1227/01.NEU.0000221506.06947.AC}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823294}, author = {Leuthardt, E C and Gerwin Schalk and Moran, D and Ojemann, J G} }