02940nas a2200229   4500008004100000245006800041210006600109260001200175520223700187653002402424653002502448653002302473653002202496653002602518100001702544700002502561700001902586700002002605700001802625700001902643856004802662       2014                        eng d00aSimultaneous Real-Time Monitoring of Multiple Cortical Systems.0 aSimultaneous RealTime Monitoring of Multiple Cortical Systems  c10/20143 aOBJECTIVE:
Real-time monitoring of the brain is potentially valuable for performance monitoring, communication, training or rehabilitation. In natural situations, the brain performs a complex mix of various sensory, motor or cognitive functions. Thus, real-time brain monitoring would be most valuable if (a) it could decode information from multiple brain systems simultaneously, and (b) this decoding of each brain system were robust to variations in the activity of other (unrelated) brain systems. Previous studies showed that it is possible to decode some information from different brain systems in retrospect and/or in isolation. In our study, we set out to determine whether it is possible to simultaneously decode important information about a user from different brain systems in real time, and to evaluate the impact of concurrent activity in different brain systems on decoding performance.
APPROACH:
We study these questions using electrocorticographic signals recorded in humans. We first document procedures for generating stable decoding models given little training data, and then report their use for offline and for real-time decoding from 12 subjects (six for offline parameter optimization, six for online experimentation). The subjects engage in tasks that involve movement intention, movement execution and auditory functions, separately, and then simultaneously. Main Results: Our real-time results demonstrate that our system can identify intention and movement periods in single trials with an accuracy of 80.4% and 86.8%, respectively (where 50% would be expected by chance). Simultaneously, the decoding of the power envelope of an auditory stimulus resulted in an average correlation coefficient of 0.37 between the actual and decoded power envelopes. These decoders were trained separately and executed simultaneously in real time.
SIGNIFICANCE:
This study yielded the first demonstration that it is possible to decode simultaneously the functional activity of multiple independent brain systems. Our comparison of univariate and multivariate decoding strategies, and our analysis of the influence of their decoding parameters, provides benchmarks and guidelines for future research on this topic.10aauditory processing10aElectrocorticography10amovement intention10arealtime decoding10asimultaneous decoding1 aGupta, Disha1 aHill, Jeremy, Jeremy1 aBrunner, Peter1 aGunduz, Aysegul1 aRitaccio, A L1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080161