01550nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006300121260001200184300001400196490000700210520064700217653001800864653001700882653001300899100002300912700001800935700003000953700002200983700002501005700002501030700001901055700001901074700002401093700001701117700001901134856009501153       2023                        eng d  a1546-172600aA motor association area in the depths of the central sulcus.0 amotor association area in the depths of the central sulcus  c07/2023  a1165-11690 v263 a<p>Cells in the precentral gyrus directly send signals to the periphery to generate movement and are principally organized as a topological map of the body. We find that movement-induced electrophysiological responses from depth electrodes extend this map three-dimensionally throughout the gyrus. Unexpectedly, this organization is interrupted by a previously undescribed motor association area in the depths of the midlateral aspect of the central sulcus. This 'Rolandic motor association' (RMA) area is active during movements of different body parts from both sides of the body and may be important for coordinating complex behaviors.</p>10aBrain Mapping10aMotor Cortex10aMovement1 aJensen, Michael, A1 aHuang, Harvey1 aValencia, Gabriela, Ojeda1 aKlassen, Bryan, T1 avan den Boom, Max, A1 aKaufmann, Timothy, J1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aBrunner, Peter1 aWorrell, Gregory, A1 aHermes, Dora1 aMiller, Kai, J  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2023/motor-association-area-depths-central-sulcus02052nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260001200287300001100299490000700310520100100317100001901318700002001337700001801357700002301375700001601398700002401414700001701438700002201455700002101477700002001498700002201518700001901540700001901559700002401578700001901602856011701621       2022                        eng d  a1662-454800aToward a fully implantable ecosystem for adaptive neuromodulation in humans: Preliminary experience with the CorTec BrainInterchange device in a canine model.0 aToward a fully implantable ecosystem for adaptive neuromodulatio  c12/2022  a9327820 v163 a<p>This article describes initial work toward an ecosystem for adaptive neuromodulation in humans by documenting the experience of implanting CorTec's BrainInterchange (BIC) device in a beagle canine and using the BCI2000 environment to interact with the BIC device. It begins with laying out the substantial opportunity presented by a useful, easy-to-use, and widely available hardware/software ecosystem in the current landscape of the field of adaptive neuromodulation, and then describes experience with implantation, software integration, and post-surgical validation of recording of brain signals and implant parameters. Initial experience suggests that the hardware capabilities of the BIC device are fully supported by BCI2000, and that the BIC/BCI2000 device can record and process brain signals during free behavior. With further development and validation, the BIC/BCI2000 ecosystem could become an important tool for research into new adaptive neuromodulation protocols in humans.</p>1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aWorrell, Samuel1 aMivalt, Filip1 aBelsten, Alexander1 aKim, Inyong1 aMorris, Jonathan, M1 aHermes, Dora1 aKlassen, Bryan, T1 aStaff, Nathan, P1 aMessina, Steven1 aKaufmann, Timothy1 aRickert, Jörn1 aBrunner, Peter1 aWorrell, Gregory, A1 aMiller, Kai, J  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2022/toward-fully-implantable-ecosystem-adaptive-neuromodulation-humans02053nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001200221490000600233520138300239100002301622700002401645700001901669700001701688700002201705700002301727700001801750700001901768856004801787       2016                        eng d00aIntraoperative mapping of expressive language cortex using passive real-time electrocorticography.0 aIntraoperative mapping of expressive language cortex using passi  cMar  a46–510 v53 aIn this case report, we investigated the utility and practicality of passive intraoperative functional mapping of expressive language cortex using high-resolution electrocorticography (ECoG). The patient presented here experienced new-onset seizures caused by a medium-grade tumor in very close proximity to expressive language regions. In preparation of tumor resection, the patient underwent multiple functional language mapping procedures. We examined the relationship of results obtained with intraoperative high-resolution ECoG, extraoperative ECoG utilizing a conventional subdural grid, extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results demonstrate that intraoperative mapping using high-resolution ECoG is feasible and, within minutes, produces results that are qualitatively concordant to those achieved by extraoperative mapping modalities. They also suggest that functional language mapping of expressive language areas with ECoG may prove useful in many intraoperative conditions given its time efficiency and safety. Finally, they demonstrate that integration of results from multiple functional mapping techniques, both intraoperative and extraoperative, may serve to improve the confidence in or precision of functional localization when pathology encroaches upon eloquent language cortex.1 aTaplin, AmiLyn, M.1 ade Pesters, Adriana1 aBrunner, Peter1 aHermes, Dora1 aDalfino, John, C.1 aAdamo, Matthew, A.1 aRitaccio, A L1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740880202114nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245020700055210006900262260000800331300001300339490000700352520137500359653002201734100002001756700001901776700001701795700002501812700002301837856004801860       2016                        eng d  a1553-735800aSpontaneous Decoding of the Timing and Content of Human Object Perception from Cortical Surface Recordings Reveals Complementary Information in the Event-Related Potential and Broadband Spectral Change.0 aSpontaneous Decoding of the Timing and Content of Human Object P  cJan  ae10046600 v123 aThe link between object perception and neural activity in visual cortical areas is a problem of fundamental importance in neuroscience. Here we show that electrical potentials from the ventral temporal cortical surface in humans contain sufficient information for spontaneous and near-instantaneous identification of a subject's perceptual state. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) arrays were placed on the subtemporal cortical surface of seven epilepsy patients. Grayscale images of faces and houses were displayed rapidly in random sequence. We developed a template projection approach to decode the continuous ECoG data stream spontaneously, predicting the occurrence, timing and type of visual stimulus. In this setting, we evaluated the independent and joint use of two well-studied features of brain signals, broadband changes in the frequency power spectrum of the potential and deflections in the raw potential trace (event-related potential; ERP). Our ability to predict both the timing of stimulus onset and the type of image was best when we used a combination of both the broadband response and ERP, suggesting that they capture different and complementary aspects of the subject's perceptual state. Specifically, we were able to predict the timing and type of 96% of all stimuli, with less than 5% false positive rate and a {\textasciitilde}20ms error in timing.10aVisual Perception1 aMiller, Kai, J.1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aHermes, Dora1 aOjemann, Jeffrey, G.1 aRao, Rajesh, P. N.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2682089902134nas a2200253   4500008004100000020002200041022002200063245009200085210006900177260005700246300001200303520128900315653002001604653002501624653002801649653002001677653001701697100001901714700001901733700001701752700002401769700002101793856006601814       2015                        eng d  a978-3-319-25188-2  a978-3-319-25190-500aNear-Instantaneous Classification of Perceptual States from Cortical Surface Recordings0 aNearInstantaneous Classification of Perceptual States from Corti  aNew York City, NYbSpringer International Publishing  a105-1143 aHuman visual processing is of such complexity that, despite decades of focused research, many basic questions remain unanswered. Although we know that the inferotemporal cortex is a key region in object recognition, we don’t fully understand its physiologic role in brain function, nor do we have the full set of tools to explore this question. Here we show that electrical potentials from the surface of the human brain contain enough information to decode a subject’s perceptual state accurately, and with fine temporal precision. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) arrays were placed over the inferotemporal cortical areas of seven subjects. Pictures of faces and houses were quickly presented while each subject performed a simple visual task. Results showed that two well-known types of brain signals—event-averaged broadband power and event-averaged raw potential—can independently or together be used to classify the presented image. When applied to continuously recorded brain activity, our decoding technique could accurately predict whether each stimulus was a face, house, or neither, with  20 ms timing error. These results provide a roadmap for improved brain-computer interfacing tools to help neurosurgeons, research scientists, engineers, and, ultimately, patients.10abroadband power10aElectrocorticography10aevent-related potential10afusiform cortex10ahuman vision1 aMiller, Kai, J1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aHermes, Dora1 aOjemann, Jeffrey, G1 aRao, Rajesh, P N  uhttp://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-25190-5_1001857nas a2200421   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001100225490000700236520059500243653001800838653002900856653003500885653002500920653002300945653004300968653003201011653002101043653002201064653001801086100001801104700001901122700002001141700001701161700002401178700001901202700002101221700002001242700002301262700002201285700001601307700002401323700002101347700001901368856004801387       2014                        eng d  a1525-506900aProceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography.0 aProceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Advances in E  c12/2014  a183-920 v413 a<p>The Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography convened in San Diego, CA, on November 7-8, 2013. Advancements in methodology, implementation, and commercialization across both research and in the interval year since the last workshop were the focus of the gathering. Electrocorticography (ECoG) is now firmly established as a preferred signal source for advanced research in functional, cognitive, and neuroprosthetic domains. Published output in ECoG fields has increased tenfold in the past decade. These proceedings attempt to summarize the state of the art.</p>10aBrain Mapping10abrain-computer interface10aelectrical stimulation mapping10aElectrocorticography10afunctional mapping10aGamma-frequency electroencephalography10aHigh-frequency oscillations10aNeuroprosthetics10aSeizure detection10aSubdural grid1 aRitaccio, A L1 aBrunner, Peter1 aGunduz, Aysegul1 aHermes, Dora1 aHirsch, Lawrence, J1 aJacobs, Joshua1 aKamada, Kyousuke1 aKastner, Sabine1 aKnight, Robert, T.1 aLesser, Ronald, P1 aMiller, Kai1 aSejnowski, Terrence1 aWorrell, Gregory1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2546121304192nas a2200409   4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005700114260001200171300001100183490000700194520303500201653001403236653001403250653001503264653002703279653001303306653001103319653004003330653003103370653002903401653001103430653002203441653002803463653002203491653001703513653002803530100002803558700001703586700002303603700002503626700001903651700002003670700002403690700002003714856004803734       2010                        eng d  a1531-824900aBrain-computer interfacing based on cognitive control.0 aBraincomputer interfacing based on cognitive control  c06/2010  a809-160 v673 a<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">OBJECTIVE:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate deliberate intentions and associated changes in brain activity into action, thereby offering patients with severe paralysis an alternative means of communication with and control over their environment. Such systems are not available yet, partly due to the high performance standard that is required. A major challenge in the development of implantable BCIs is to identify cortical regions and related functions that an individual can reliably and consciously manipulate. Research predominantly focuses on the sensorimotor cortex, which can be activated by imagining motor actions. However, because this region may not provide an optimal solution to all patients, other neuronal networks need to be examined. Therefore, we investigated whether the cognitive control network can be used for BCI purposes. We also determined the feasibility of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for noninvasive localization of the cognitive control network.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">METHODS:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Three patients with intractable epilepsy, who were temporarily implanted with subdural grid electrodes for diagnostic purposes, attempted to gain BCI control using the electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">RESULTS:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">All subjects quickly gained accurate BCI control by modulation of gamma-power of the left DLPFC. Prelocalization of the relevant region was performed with fMRI and was confirmed using the ECoG signals obtained during mental calculation localizer tasks.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">INTERPRETATION:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">The results indicate that the cognitive control network is a suitable source of signals for BCI applications. They also demonstrate the feasibility of translating understanding about cognitive networks derived from functional neuroimaging into clinical applications.</p>10aCognition10aComputers10aElectrodes10aElectroencephalography10aEpilepsy10aHumans10aImage Processing, Computer-Assisted10aMagnetic Resonance Imaging10aNeuropsychological Tests10aOxygen10aPrefrontal Cortex10aPsychomotor Performance10aSpectrum Analysis10aTime Factors10aUser-Computer Interface1 aVansteensel, Mariska, J1 aHermes, Dora1 aAarnoutse, Erik, J1 aBleichner, Martin, G1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aRijen, Peter, C1 aLeijten, Frans, S S1 aRamsey, Nick, F  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2051794301979nas a2200373   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000900242300001100251490000900262520077500271653001501046653002401061653003001085653001101115653000901126653003501135653003201170653002301202653003101225653003201256653002801288653001801316100002001334700001701354700001901371700002001390700002401410700001701434700001701451700002101468856011601489       2009                        eng d  a1557-170X00aDetection of spontaneous class-specific visual stimuli with high temporal accuracy in human electrocorticography.0 aDetection of spontaneous classspecific visual stimuli with high   c2009  a6465-80 v20093 aMost brain-computer interface classification experiments from electrical potential recordings have been focused on the identification of classes of stimuli or behavior where the timing of experimental parameters is known or pre-designated. Real world experience, however, is spontaneous, and to this end we describe an experiment predicting the occurrence, timing, and types of visual stimuli perceived by a human subject from electrocorticographic recordings. All 300 of 300 presented stimuli were correctly detected, with a temporal precision of order 20 ms. The type of stimulus (face/house) was correctly identified in 95% of these cases. There were approximately 20 false alarm events, corresponding to a late 2nd neuronal response to a previously identified event.10aAlgorithms10aElectrocardiography10aEvoked Potentials, Visual10aHumans10aMale10aPattern Recognition, Automated10aPattern Recognition, Visual10aPhotic Stimulation10aReproducibility of Results10aSensitivity and Specificity10aUser-Computer Interface10aVisual Cortex1 aMiller, John, W1 aHermes, Dora1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aRamsey, Nick, F1 aJagadeesh, Bharathi1 aNijs, Marcel1 aOjemann, J G1 aRao, Rajesh, P N  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2009/detection-spontaneous-class-specific-visual-stimuli-high-temporal