01769nas a2200373 4500008004100000245003800041210003700079260001200116300000900128490000600137520083700143653000800980653002900988653001601017100001801033700001601051700001501067700002101082700002101103700002101124700001201145700001501157700001601172700002001188700001301208700002101221700001501242700001901257700001601276700001601292700001501308700002401323856004801347 2012 eng d00aReview of the BCI Competition IV.0 aReview of the BCI Competition IV c07/2012 a1-310 v63 aThe BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students. The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) session-to-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs.10aBCI10abrain-computer interface10acompetition1 aTangermann, M1 aMuller, K R1 aAertsen, A1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aBraun, Christoph1 aBrunner, Clemens1 aLeeb, R1 aMehring, C1 aMiller, K J1 aMueller-Putz, G1 aNolte, G1 aPfurtscheller, G1 aPreissl, H1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aSchlögl, A1 aVidaurre, C1 aWaldert, S1 aBlankertz, Benjamin uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2281165707936nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001200220300001100232490000800243520694900251653001507200653001007215653002807225653002007253653001007273653002507283653002407308653001107332653001107343653000907354653001607363653001907379653001607398100001607414700001907430700002207449700001707471700001707488700002107505856004807526 2010 eng d a1091-649000aCortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback.0 aCortical activity during motor execution motor imagery and image c03/2010 a4430-50 v1073 a

Imagery of motor movement plays an important role in learning of complex motor skills, from learning to serve in tennis to perfecting a pirouette in ballet. What and where are the neural substrates that underlie motor imagery-based learning? We measured electrocorticographic cortical surface potentials in eight human subjects during overt action and kinesthetic imagery of the same movement, focusing on power in "high frequency" (76-100 Hz) and "low frequency" (8-32 Hz) ranges. We quantitatively establish that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population activity during motor imagery mimics the spatial distribution of activity during actual motor movement. By comparing responses to electrocortical stimulation with imagery-induced cortical surface activity, we demonstrate the role of primary motor areas in movement imagery. The magnitude of imagery-induced cortical activity change was approximately 25% of that associated with actual movement. However, when subjects learned to use this imagery to control a computer cursor in a simple feedback task, the imagery-induced activity change was significantly augmented, even exceeding that of overt movement.

10aAdolescent10aAdult10aBiofeedback, Psychology10aCerebral Cortex10aChild10aElectric Stimulation10aElectrocardiography10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMotor Activity10aYoung Adult1 aMiller, K J1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aFetz, Eberhard, E1 aNijs, Marcel1 aOjemann, J G1 aRao, Rajesh, P N uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2016008402662nas a2200409 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001200208300001000220490000600230520153900236653001501775653001001790653001801800653003701818653002001855653002401875653002601899653002701925653001301952653001101965653001101976653000901987653001301996653002802009100001902037700001602056700002602072700002002098700001602118700001702134700001302151700002102164700001902185856004802204 2008 eng d a1741-256000aTwo-dimensional movement control using electrocorticographic signals in humans.0 aTwodimensional movement control using electrocorticographic sign c03/2008 a75-840 v53 a

We show here that a brain-computer interface (BCI) using electrocorticographic activity (ECoG) and imagined or overt motor tasks enables humans to control a computer cursor in two dimensions. Over a brief training period of 12-36 min, each of five human subjects acquired substantial control of particular ECoG features recorded from several locations over the same hemisphere, and achieved average success rates of 53-73% in a two-dimensional four-target center-out task in which chance accuracy was 25%. Our results support the expectation that ECoG-based BCIs can combine high performance with technical and clinical practicality, and also indicate promising directions for further research.

10aAdolescent10aAdult10aBrain Mapping10aData Interpretation, Statistical10aDrug Resistance10aElectrocardiography10aElectrodes, Implanted10aElectroencephalography10aEpilepsy10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMovement10aUser-Computer Interface1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aMiller, K J1 aAnderson, Nicholas, R1 aWilson, Adam, J1 aSmyth, Matt1 aOjemann, J G1 aMoran, D1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aLeuthardt, E C uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1831081300581nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260000900190100001900199700001900218700001300237700001600250700001700266700002100283856011900304 2005 eng d00aTowards two-dimensional cursor control using electrocorticographic signals.0 aTowards twodimensional cursor control using electrocorticographi c20051 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aLeuthardt, E C1 aMoran, D1 aMiller, K J1 aOjemann, J G1 aWolpaw, Jonathan uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2005/towards-two-dimensional-cursor-control-using-electrocorticographic-000557nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120100001900189700001900208700001300227700001600240700001700256700002100273856011700294 2005 eng d00aTowards two-dimensional cursor control using electrocorticographic signals0 aTowards twodimensional cursor control using electrocorticographi1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aLeuthardt, E C1 aMoran, D1 aMiller, K J1 aOjemann, J G1 aWolpaw, Jonathan uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2005/towards-two-dimensional-cursor-control-using-electrocorticographic