01769nas a2200373   4500008004100000245003800041210003700079260001200116300000900128490000600137520083700143653000800980653002900988653001601017100001801033700001601051700001501067700002101082700002101103700002101124700001201145700001501157700001601172700002001188700001301208700002101221700001501242700001901257700001601276700001601292700001501308700002401323856004801347       2012                        eng d00aReview of the BCI Competition IV.0 aReview of the BCI Competition IV  c07/2012  a1-310 v63 aThe BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students. The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) session-to-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs.10aBCI10abrain-computer interface10acompetition1 aTangermann, M1 aMuller, K R1 aAertsen, A1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aBraun, Christoph1 aBrunner, Clemens1 aLeeb, R1 aMehring, C1 aMiller, K J1 aMueller-Putz, G1 aNolte, G1 aPfurtscheller, G1 aPreissl, H1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aSchlögl, A1 aVidaurre, C1 aWaldert, S1 aBlankertz, Benjamin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2281165701315nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210005800116260001200174300001600186490000800202520045900210653003100669653002900700653002700729653002000756653002900776653002800805653001400833653001900847653002400866100001900890700002100909700002600930700002100956856004800977       2000                        eng d  a1388-245700aEEG-based communication: presence of an error potential.0 aEEGbased communication presence of an error potential  c12/2000  a2138–21440 v1113 aEEG-based communication could be a valuable new augmentative communication technology for those with severe motor disabilities. Like all communication methods, it faces the problem of errors in transmission. In the Wadsworth EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system, subjects learn to use mu or beta rhythm amplitude to move a cursor to targets on a computer screen. While cursor movement is highly accurate in trained subjects, it is not perfect.10aaugmentative communication10abrain-computer interface10aElectroencephalography10aerror potential10aerror related negativity10aevent related potential10amu rhythm10aRehabilitation10asensorimotor cortex1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aMcFarland, Dennis, J.1 aPfurtscheller, G  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090763