02131nas a2200253   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260000900182300001400191490000700205520141800212653001301630653001901643653002501662653001501687653001901702653001601721100001301737700001301750700001301763700002201776700002101798856005801819       2017                        eng d00aWhy New Spinal Cord Plasticity Does Not Disrupt Old Motor Behaviors0 aWhy New Spinal Cord Plasticity Does Not Disrupt Old Motor Behavi  cJuly  a8198-82060 v373 aWhen new motor learning changes the spinal cord, old behaviors are not impaired; their key features are preserved by additional compensatory plasticity. To explore the mechanisms responsible for this compensatory plasticity, we transected the spinal dorsal ascending tract before or after female rats acquired a new behavior—operantly conditioned increase or decrease in the right soleus H-reflex—and examined an old behavior—locomotion. Neither spinal dorsal ascending tract transection nor H-reflex conditioning alone impaired locomotion. Nevertheless, when spinal dorsal ascending tract transection and H-reflex conditioning were combined, the rats developed a limp and a tilted posture that correlated in direction and magnitude with the H-reflex change. When the right H-reflex was increased by conditioning, the right step lasted longer than the left and the right hip was higher than the left; when the right H-reflex was decreased by conditioning, the opposite occurred. These results indicate that ascending sensory input guides the compensatory plasticity that normally prevents the plasticity underlying H-reflex change from impairing locomotion. They support the concept of the state of the spinal cord as a negotiated equilibrium that reflects the concurrent influences of all the behaviors in an individual's repertoire; and they support the new therapeutic strategies this concept introduces.10aH-Reflex10amotor learning10aoperant conditioning10aplasticity10aRehabilitation10aSpinal Cord1 aChen, Yi1 aChen, Lu1 aWang, Yu1 aChen, Xiang, Yang1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5566867/02425nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001200211300001200223490000800235520161100243653002601854653001301880653001501893653001101908653001801919653001901937653002301956653002701979100001302006700001302019700001302032700002102045700002102066856004802087       2014                        eng d  a1522-159800aPersistent beneficial impact of H-reflex conditioning in spinal cord-injured rats.0 aPersistent beneficial impact of Hreflex conditioning in spinal c  c11/2014  a2374-810 v1123 a<p>Operant conditioning of a spinal cord reflex can improve locomotion in rats and humans with incomplete spinal cord injury. This study examined the persistence of its beneficial effects. In rats in which a right lateral column contusion injury had produced asymmetric locomotion, up-conditioning of the right soleus H-reflex eliminated the asymmetry while down-conditioning had no effect. After the 50-day conditioning period ended, the H-reflex was monitored for 100 [±9 (SD)] (range 79-108) more days and locomotion was then reevaluated. After conditioning ended in up-conditioned rats, the H-reflex continued to increase, and locomotion continued to improve. In down-conditioned rats, the H-reflex decrease gradually disappeared after conditioning ended, and locomotion at the end of data collection remained as impaired as it had been before and immediately after down-conditioning. The persistence (and further progression) of H-reflex increase but not H-reflex decrease in these spinal cord-injured rats is consistent with the fact that up-conditioning improved their locomotion while down-conditioning did not. That is, even after up-conditioning ended, the up-conditioned H-reflex pathway remained adaptive because it improved locomotion. The persistence and further enhancement of the locomotor improvement indicates that spinal reflex conditioning protocols might supplement current therapies and enhance neurorehabilitation. They may be especially useful when significant spinal cord regeneration becomes possible and precise methods for retraining the regenerated spinal cord are needed.</p>10aH-reflex conditioning10aLearning10aLocomotion10aMemory10aMotor control10aRehabilitation10aspinal cord injury10aspinal cord plasticity1 aChen, Yi1 aChen, Lu1 aWang, Yu1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aChen, Xiang Yang  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2514354201519nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260001200219300001400231490001700245520064100262653001300903653002400916653001500940653001500955653002400970653001900994653002301013100002101036700001301057700001301070700001901083700002301102700002301125700002101148856004801169       2010                        eng d  a1749-663200aReflex conditioning: a new strategy for improving motor function after spinal cord injury.0 aReflex conditioning a new strategy for improving motor function   c06/2010  aE12–E210 v1198 Suppl 13 aSpinal reflex conditioning changes reflex size, induces spinal cord plasticity, and modifies locomotion. Appropriate reflex conditioning can improve walking in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). Reflex conditioning offers a new therapeutic strategy for restoring function in people with SCI. This approach can address the specific deficits of individuals with SCI by targeting specific reflex pathways for increased or decreased responsiveness. In addition, once clinically significant regeneration can be achieved, reflex conditioning could provide a means of reeducating the newly (and probably imperfectly) reconnected spinal cord.10aH-Reflex10alearning and memory10aLocomotion10aplasticity10areflex conditioning10aRehabilitation10aspinal cord injury1 aChen, Xiang Yang1 aChen, Yi1 aWang, Yu1 aThompson, Aiko1 aCarp, Jonathan, S.1 aSegal, Richard, L.1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590534