01530nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006500121260001200186300001400198490000700212520068900219653003500908653003300943653001900976100002100995700002101016700002501037700002101062700003001083700002701113700001901140700002301159700002201182856004801204       2006                        eng d  a1534-432000aBCI Meeting 2005–workshop on signals and recording methods.0 aBCI Meeting 2005–workshop on signals and recording methods  c06/2006  a138–1410 v143 aThis paper describes the highlights of presentations and discussions during the Third International BCI Meeting in a workshop that evaluated potential brain-computer interface (BCI) signals and currently available recording methods. It defined the main potential user populations and their needs, addressed the relative advantages and disadvantages of noninvasive and implanted (i.e., invasive) methodologies, considered ethical issues, and focused on the challenges involved in translating BCI systems from the laboratory to widespread clinical use. The workshop stressed the critical importance of developing useful applications that establish the practical value of BCI technology.10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)10aelectrophysiological signals10aRehabilitation1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aLoeb, Gerald, E.1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.1 aDonchin, Emanuel1 aNascimento, Omar, Feix do1 aHeetderks, William, J.1 aNijboer, Femke1 aShain, William, G.1 aTurner, James, N.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1679227902907nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001200211300001300223490000700236520189600243653003102139653003502170653003302205653001902238100002402257700002702281700002302308700002302331700002202354700002202376700002002398700002202418700002102440700002102461700003002482700002102512856004802533       2003                        eng d  a1534-432000aBrain-computer interface technology: a review of the Second International Meeting.0 aBraincomputer interface technology a review of the Second Intern  c06/2003  a94–1090 v113 aThis paper summarizes the Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control, The Second International Meeting, held in Rensselaerville, NY, in June 2002. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and organized by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health, the meeting addressed current work and future plans in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Ninety-two researchers representing 38 different research groups from the United States, Canada, Europe, and China participated. The BCIs discussed at the meeting use electroencephalographic activity recorded from the scalp or single-neuron activity recorded within cortex to control cursor movement, select letters or icons, or operate neuroprostheses. The central element in each BCI is a translation algorithm that converts electrophysiological input from the user into output that controls external devices. BCI operation depends on effective interaction between two adaptive controllers, the user who encodes his or her commands in the electrophysiological input provided to the BCI, and the BCI that recognizes the commands contained in the input and expresses them in device control. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates of up to 25 b/min. Achievement of greater speed and accuracy requires improvements in signal acquisition and processing, in translation algorithms, and in user training. These improvements depend on interdisciplinary cooperation among neuroscientists, engineers, computer programmers, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists, and on adoption and widespread application of objective criteria for evaluating alternative methods. The practical use of BCI technology will be determined by the development of appropriate applications and identification of appropriate user groups, and will require careful attention to the needs and desires of individual users.10aaugmentative communication10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)10aelectroencephalography (EEG)10aRehabilitation1 aVaughan, Theresa, M1 aHeetderks, William, J.1 aTrejo, Leonard, J.1 aRymer, William, Z.1 aWeinrich, Michael1 aMoore, Melody, M.1 aKübler, Andrea1 aDobkin, Bruce, H.1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aDonchin, Emanuel1 aWolpaw, Elizabeth, Winter1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12899247