02800nas a2200349   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001200231520168800243653003501931653002501966653003201991653002102023653004902044653002302093653001502116653001302131100002602144700002002170700002102190700001902211700001902230700001702249700002602266700002102292700002002313700001802333700001902351700001702370700001502387856004802402       2014                        eng d00aReal-Time Functional Mapping with Electrocorticography in Pediatric Epilepsy: Comparison with fMRI and ESM Findings.0 aRealTime Functional Mapping with Electrocorticography in Pediatr  c07/20143 aSIGFRIED (SIGnal modeling For Real-time Identification and Event Detection) software provides real-time functional mapping (RTFM) of eloquent cortex for epilepsy patients preparing to undergo resective surgery. This study presents the first application of paradigms used in functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) studies for shared functional cortical mapping in the context of RTFM. Results from the 3 modalities are compared. A left-handed 13-year-old male with intractable epilepsy participated in functional mapping for localization of eloquent language cortex with fMRI, ESM, and RTFM. For RTFM, data were acquired over the frontal and temporal cortex. Several paradigms were sequentially presented: passive (listening to stories) and active (picture naming and verb generation). For verb generation and story processing, fMRI showed atypical right lateralizing language activation within temporal lobe regions of interest and bilateral frontal activation with slight right lateralization. Left hemisphere ESM demonstrated no eloquent language areas. RTFM procedures using story processing and picture naming elicited activity in the right lateral and basal temporal regions. Verb generation elicited strong right lateral temporal lobe activation, as well as left frontal lobe activation. RTFM results confirmed atypical language lateralization evident from fMRI and ESM. We demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of a new RTFM stimulation paradigm during presurgical evaluation. Block design paradigms used in fMRI may be optimal for this purpose. Further development is needed to create age-appropriate RTFM test batteries.10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)10acortical stimulation10aelectrocorticography (ECoG)10aepilepsy surgery10afunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)10afunctional mapping10apediatrics10aSIGFRIED1 aKorostenskaja, Milena1 aWilson, Adam, J1 aRose, Douglas, F1 aBrunner, Peter1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aLeach, James1 aMangano, Francesco, T1 aFujiwara, Hisako1 aRozhkov, Leonid1 aHarris, Elana1 aChen, Po-Ching1 aSeo, Joo-Hee1 aLee, Ki, H  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293161