01628nas a2200181   4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241300001200249490000600261520102400267100002401291700002301315700002301338700001801361700001901379856004801398       2016                        eng d00aElectrocorticographic mapping of expressive language function without requiring the patient to speak: A report of three cases.0 aElectrocorticographic mapping of expressive language function wi  cMar  a13–180 v63 aPatients requiring resective brain surgery often undergo functional brain mapping during perioperative planning to localize expressive language areas. Currently, all established protocols to perform such mapping require substantial time and patient participation during verb generation or similar tasks. These issues can make language mapping impractical in certain clinical circumstances (e.g., during awake craniotomies) or with certain populations (e.g., pediatric patients). Thus, it is important to develop new techniques that reduce mapping time and the requirement for active patient participation. Several neuroscientific studies reported that the mere auditory presentation of speech stimuli can engage not only receptive but also expressive language areas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that submission of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings during a short speech listening task to an appropriate analysis procedure can identify eloquent expressive language cortex without requiring the patient to speak.1 ade Pesters, Adriana1 aTaplin, AmiLyn, M.1 aAdamo, Matthew, A.1 aRitaccio, A L1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740880302053nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001200221490000600233520138300239100002301622700002401645700001901669700001701688700002201705700002301727700001801750700001901768856004801787       2016                        eng d00aIntraoperative mapping of expressive language cortex using passive real-time electrocorticography.0 aIntraoperative mapping of expressive language cortex using passi  cMar  a46–510 v53 aIn this case report, we investigated the utility and practicality of passive intraoperative functional mapping of expressive language cortex using high-resolution electrocorticography (ECoG). The patient presented here experienced new-onset seizures caused by a medium-grade tumor in very close proximity to expressive language regions. In preparation of tumor resection, the patient underwent multiple functional language mapping procedures. We examined the relationship of results obtained with intraoperative high-resolution ECoG, extraoperative ECoG utilizing a conventional subdural grid, extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results demonstrate that intraoperative mapping using high-resolution ECoG is feasible and, within minutes, produces results that are qualitatively concordant to those achieved by extraoperative mapping modalities. They also suggest that functional language mapping of expressive language areas with ECoG may prove useful in many intraoperative conditions given its time efficiency and safety. Finally, they demonstrate that integration of results from multiple functional mapping techniques, both intraoperative and extraoperative, may serve to improve the confidence in or precision of functional localization when pathology encroaches upon eloquent language cortex.1 aTaplin, AmiLyn, M.1 ade Pesters, Adriana1 aBrunner, Peter1 aHermes, Dora1 aDalfino, John, C.1 aAdamo, Matthew, A.1 aRitaccio, A L1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27408802