03223nas a2200481   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006400124260001600188520179800204100002402002700002202026700002002048700002402068700001302092700001902105700002002124700002102144700002302165700001702188700001702205700002502222700002002247700001802267700001702285700002502302700002002327700002202347700002402369700002302393700001702416700001802433700002302451700002102474700002202495700001902517700002102536700002202557700002202579700001402601700002602615856010002641       2024                        eng d  a2692-820500aThe development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain.0 adevelopment of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain  c2024 Nov 093 a<p>The neurophysiological mechanisms supporting brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory capacity across the lifespan. Human brain regions develop at different rates, with many regions developing into the third and fourth decades of life. Here, in this preregistered study (https://osf.io/gsru7), we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings from widespread brain regions in a large developmental cohort. Using task-based (i.e., attention to-be-remembered visual stimuli) and task-free (resting-state) data from 101 children and adults (5.93 - 54.00 years, 63 males;  electrodes = 5691), we mapped aperiodic (1/ƒ-like) activity, a proxy of excitation:inhibition (E:I) balance with steeper slopes indexing inhibition and flatter slopes indexing excitation. We reveal that aperiodic slopes flatten with age into young adulthood in both association and sensorimotor cortices, challenging models of early sensorimotor development based on brain structure. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), attentional state modulated age effects, revealing steeper task-based than task-free slopes in adults and the opposite in children, consistent with the development of cognitive control. Age-related differences in task-based slopes also explained age-related gains in memory performance, linking the development of PFC cognitive control to the development of memory. Last, with additional structural imaging measures, we reveal that age-related differences in gray matter volume are differentially associated with aperiodic slopes in association and sensorimotor cortices. Our findings establish developmental trajectories of aperiodic activity in localized brain regions and illuminate the development of PFC inhibitory control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.</p>1 aCross, Zachariah, R1 aGray, Samantha, M1 aDede, Adam, J O1 aRivera, Yessenia, M1 aYin, Qin1 aVahidi, Parisa1 aRau, Elias, M B1 aCyr, Christopher1 aHolubecki, Ania, M1 aAsano, Eishi1 aLin, Jack, J1 aMcManus, Olivia, Kim1 aSattar, Shifteh1 aSaez, Ignacio1 aGirgis, Fady1 aKing-Stephens, David1 aWeber, Peter, B1 aLaxer, Kenneth, D1 aSchuele, Stephan, U1 aRosenow, Joshua, M1 aWu, Joyce, Y1 aLam, Sandi, K1 aRaskin, Jeffrey, S1 aChang, Edward, F1 aShaikhouni, Ammar1 aBrunner, Peter1 aRoland, Jarod, L1 aBraga, Rodrigo, M1 aKnight, Robert, T1 aOfen, Noa1 aJohnson, Elizabeth, L  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/development-aperiodic-neural-activity-human-brain02510nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242520159500250100002501845700002401870700001701894700002501911700002301936700002101959700002501980700002402005700001902029700001902048700001802067700001902085700002202104700002302126700002302149856004802172       2017                        eng d  a1091-649000aSpatiotemporal dynamics of word retrieval in speech production revealed by cortical high-frequency band activity.0 aSpatiotemporal dynamics of word retrieval in speech production r  cMay3 aWord retrieval is core to language production and relies on complementary processes: the rapid activation of lexical and conceptual representations and word selection, which chooses the correct word among semantically related competitors. Lexical and conceptual activation is measured by semantic priming. In contrast, word selection is indexed by semantic interference and is hampered in semantically homogeneous (HOM) contexts. We examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of these complementary processes in a picture naming task with blocks of semantically heterogeneous (HET) or HOM stimuli. We used electrocorticography data obtained from frontal and temporal cortices, permitting detailed spatiotemporal analysis of word retrieval processes. A semantic interference effect was observed with naming latencies longer in HOM versus HET blocks. Cortical response strength as indexed by high-frequency band (HFB) activity (70-150 Hz) amplitude revealed effects linked to lexical-semantic activation and word selection observed in widespread regions of the cortical mantle. Depending on the subsecond timing and cortical region, HFB indexed semantic interference (i.e., more activity in HOM than HET blocks) or semantic priming effects (i.e., more activity in HET than HOM blocks). These effects overlapped in time and space in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the left prefrontal cortex. The data do not support a modular view of word retrieval in speech production but rather support substantial overlap of lexical-semantic activation and word selection mechanisms in the brain.1 aRiès, Stephanie, K.1 aDhillon, Rummit, K.1 aClarke, Alex1 aKing-Stephens, David1 aLaxer, Kenneth, D.1 aWeber, Peter, B.1 aKuperman, Rachel, A.1 aAuguste, Kurtis, I.1 aBrunner, Peter1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aLin, Jack, J.1 aParvizi, Josef1 aCrone, Nathan, E.1 aDronkers, Nina, F.1 aKnight, Robert, T.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533406