01870nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001200208300001200220490000700232520108800239653002501327653001301352653002701365653002501392653001501417653001901432653001801451100001601469700001601485700001801501700002101519856006401540       2018                        eng d  a1878-747900aRetraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning0 aRetraining Reflexes Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operan  c07/2018  a669-6830 v153 aNeurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis cause motor impairments that are a huge burden at the individual, family, and societal levels. Spinal reflex abnormalities contribute to these impairments. Spinal reflex measurements play important roles in characterizing and monitoring neurological disorders and their associated motor impairments, such as spasticity, which affects nearly half of those with neurological disorders. Spinal reflexes can also serve as therapeutic targets themselves. Operant conditioning protocols can target beneficial plasticity to key reflex pathways; they can thereby trigger wider plasticity that improves impaired motor skills, such as locomotion. These protocols may complement standard therapies such as locomotor training and enhance functional recovery. This paper reviews the value of spinal reflexes and the therapeutic promise of spinal reflex operant conditioning protocols; it also considers the complex process of translating this promise into clinical reality.10aclinical translation10aH-Reflex10aneurological disorders10aoperant conditioning10aplasticity10aRehabilitation10aspinal reflex1 aEftekhar, A1 aNorton, JJS1 aMcDonough, CM1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13311-018-0643-2