00560nas a2200193 4500008004100000245004000041210004000081300000900121490000700130100001300137700001900150700001600169700002200185700002500207700001900232700001900251700001700270856007900287 2024 eng d00aGraded decisions in the human brain0 aGraded decisions in the human brain a43080 v151 aXie, Tao1 aAdamek, Markus1 aCho, Hohyun1 aAdamo, Matthew, A1 aRitaccio, Anthony, L1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aBrunner, Peter1 aKubanek, Jan uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/graded-decisions-human-brain01911nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245004100055210004000096260001600136300000900152490000700161520102100168653001001189653001001199653002001209653002001229653001101249653001101260653000901271653001801280653001601298653001601314100001301330700001901343700001601362700002201378700002501400700001901425700001901444700001701463856008101480 2024 eng d a2041-172300aGraded decisions in the human brain.0 aGraded decisions in the human brain c2024 May 21 a43080 v153 a

Decision-makers objectively commit to a definitive choice, yet at the subjective level, human decisions appear to be associated with a degree of uncertainty. Whether decisions are definitive (i.e., concluding in all-or-none choices), or whether the underlying representations are graded, remains unclear. To answer this question, we recorded intracranial neural signals directly from the brain while human subjects made perceptual decisions. The recordings revealed that broadband gamma activity reflecting each individual's decision-making process, ramped up gradually while being graded by the accumulated decision evidence. Crucially, this grading effect persisted throughout the decision process without ever reaching a definite bound at the time of choice. This effect was most prominent in the parietal cortex, a brain region traditionally implicated in decision-making. These results provide neural evidence for a graded decision process in humans and an analog framework for flexible choice behavior.

10aAdult10aBrain10aChoice Behavior10aDecision Making10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aParietal Lobe10aUncertainty10aYoung Adult1 aXie, Tao1 aAdamek, Markus1 aCho, Hohyun1 aAdamo, Matthew, A1 aRitaccio, Anthony, L1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aBrunner, Peter1 aKubanek, Jan uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/graded-decisions-human-brain-000708nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001600212490000600228100002000234700001800254700002400272700001900296700002500315700001900340700001900359700002300378856011300401 2024 eng d00aNeural populations in the language network differ in the size of their temporal receptive windows0 aNeural populations in the language network differ in the size of a1924–19420 v81 aRegev, Tamar, I1 aCasto, Colton1 aHosseini, Eghbal, A1 aAdamek, Markus1 aRitaccio, Anthony, L1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aBrunner, Peter1 aFedorenko, Evelina uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/neural-populations-language-network-differ-size-their-temporal02549nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001200238300001000250490000800260520151900268653002401787653001001811653001801821653002001839653002501859653001101884653001301895100002401908700002001932700002401952700002301976700002201999700002102021700002502042700001902067700001902086856011802105 2023 eng d a1872-895200aPassive functional mapping of receptive language cortex during general anesthesia using electrocorticography.0 aPassive functional mapping of receptive language cortex during g c03/2023 a31-440 v1473 a

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of passive functional mapping in the receptive language cortex during general anesthesia using electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals.

METHODS: We used subdurally placed ECoG grids to record cortical responses to speech stimuli during awake and anesthesia conditions. We identified the cortical areas with significant responses to the stimuli using the spectro-temporal consistency of the brain signal in the broadband gamma (BBG) frequency band (70-170 Hz).

RESULTS: We found that ECoG BBG responses during general anesthesia effectively identify cortical regions associated with receptive language function. Our analyses demonstrated that the ability to identify receptive language cortex varies across different states and depths of anesthesia. We confirmed these results by comparing them to receptive language areas identified during the awake condition. Quantification of these results demonstrated an average sensitivity and specificity of passive language mapping during general anesthesia to be 49±7.7% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that mapping receptive language cortex in patients during general anesthesia is feasible.

SIGNIFICANCE: Our proposed protocol could greatly expand the population of patients that can benefit from passive language mapping techniques, and could eliminate the risks associated with electrocortical stimulation during an awake craniotomy.

10aAnesthesia, General10aBrain10aBrain Mapping10aCerebral Cortex10aElectrocorticography10aHumans10aLanguage1 aNourmohammadi, Amin1 aSwift, James, R1 ade Pesters, Adriana1 aGuay, Christian, S1 aAdamo, Matthew, A1 aDalfino, John, C1 aRitaccio, Anthony, L1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aBrunner, Peter uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2023/passive-functional-mapping-receptive-language-cortex-during-general