02299nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006100118260001600179520159700195100002501792700002301817700002401840700001901864700001901883700002401902700001701926700001401943700002201957856010201979       2025                        eng d  a2692-820500aCircuit dynamics of approach-avoidance conflict in humans.0 aCircuit dynamics of approachavoidance conflict in humans  c2025 Jan 013 a<p>Debilitating anxiety is pervasive in the modern world. Choices to approach or avoid are common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of all anxiety disorders. Here, we used intracranial EEG to define a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit dynamics supporting approach and avoidance. Presurgical epilepsy patients (n=20) performed an approach-avoidance conflict decision-making task inspired by the arcade game Pac-Man, where participants trade-off real-time harvesting rewards with potential losses from attack. As patients approached increasing rewards and threats, we found evidence of a limbic circuit mediated by increased theta power in the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which then drops rapidly during avoidance. Theta band connectivity between these regions increases during approach and falls during avoidance, with OFC serving as a connector in this circuit with high theta coherence across limbic regions, but also with regions outside of the limbic system, including the lateral prefrontal cortex. Importantly, the degree of OFC-driven connectivity predicts how long participants approach, with enhanced network synchronicity extending approach times. Finally, under ghost attack, the system dynamically switches to a sustained increase in high-frequency activity (70-150Hz) in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), marking the retreat from the ghost. The results provide evidence for a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit, mediated by theta oscillations, underlying approach-avoidance conflict.</p>1 aStaveland, Brooke, R1 aOberschulte, Julia1 aKim-McManus, Olivia1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aBrunner, Peter1 aDastjerdi, Mohammad1 aLin, Jack, J1 aHsu, Ming1 aKnight, Robert, T  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2025/circuit-dynamics-approach-avoidance-conflict-humans03428nas a2200361   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260001300268300001100281490000800292520223300300653001002533653002002543653001502563653002602578653002702604653001102631653003102642100003102673700002702704700002002731700001702751700002102768700001902789700001902808700002302827700002602850700002702876700001802903700002602921856011902947       2024                        eng d  a1872-678X00aAnatomical registration of intracranial electrodes. Robust model-based localization and deformable smooth brain-shift compensation methods.0 aAnatomical registration of intracranial electrodes Robust modelb  c2024 Apr  a1100560 v4043 a<p><b>BACKGROUND: </b>Intracranial electrodes are typically localized from post-implantation CT artifacts. Automatic algorithms localizing low signal-to-noise ratio artifacts and high-density electrode arrays are missing. Additionally, implantation of grids/strips introduces brain deformations, resulting in registration errors when fusing post-implantation CT and pre-implantation MR images. Brain-shift compensation methods project electrode coordinates to cortex, but either fail to produce smooth solutions or do not account for brain deformations.</p><p><b>NEW METHODS: </b>We first introduce GridFit, a model-based fitting approach that simultaneously localizes all electrodes' CT artifacts in grids, strips, or depth arrays. Second, we present CEPA, a brain-shift compensation algorithm combining orthogonal-based projections, spring-mesh models, and spatial regularization constraints.</p><p><b>RESULTS: </b>We tested GridFit on ∼6000 simulated scenarios. The localization of CT artifacts showed robust performance under difficult scenarios, such as noise, overlaps, and high-density implants (<1 mm errors). Validation with data from 20 challenging patients showed 99% accurate localization of the electrodes (3160/3192). We tested CEPA brain-shift compensation with data from 15 patients. Projections accounted for simple mechanical deformation principles with < 0.4 mm errors. The inter-electrode distances smoothly changed across neighbor electrodes, while changes in inter-electrode distances linearly increased with projection distance.</p><p><b>COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: </b>GridFit succeeded in difficult scenarios that challenged available methods and outperformed visual localization by preserving the inter-electrode distance. CEPA registration errors were smaller than those obtained for well-established alternatives. Additionally, modeling resting-state high-frequency activity in five patients further supported CEPA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION: </b>GridFit and CEPA are versatile tools for registering intracranial electrode coordinates, providing highly accurate results even in the most challenging implantation scenarios. The methods are implemented in the iElectrodes open-source toolbox.</p>10aBrain10aCerebral Cortex10aElectrodes10aElectrodes, Implanted10aElectroencephalography10aHumans10aMagnetic Resonance Imaging1 aBlenkmann, Alejandro, Omar1 aLeske, Sabine, Liliana1 aLlorens, Anaïs1 aLin, Jack, J1 aChang, Edward, F1 aBrunner, Peter1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aIvanovic, Jugoslav1 aLarsson, Pål, Gunnar1 aKnight, Robert, Thomas1 aEndestad, Tor1 aSolbakk, Anne-Kristin  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/anatomical-registration-intracranial-electrodes-robust-model-based-000860nas a2200229   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184300001100253490000800264100003100272700002700303700002000330700001700350700002100367700001900388700001900407700002300426700002600449700002700475700001100502856011700513       2024                        eng d00aAnatomical registration of intracranial electrodes. Robust model-based localization and deformable smooth brain-shift compensation methods0 aAnatomical registration of intracranial electrodes Robust modelb  a1100560 v4041 aBlenkmann, Alejandro, Omar1 aLeske, Sabine, Liliana1 aLlorens, Anaïs1 aLin, Jack, J1 aChang, Edward, F1 aBrunner, Peter1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aIvanovic, Jugoslav1 aLarsson, Pål, Gunnar1 aKnight, Robert, Thomas1 aothers  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/anatomical-registration-intracranial-electrodes-robust-model-based03223nas a2200481   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006400124260001600188520179800204100002402002700002202026700002002048700002402068700001302092700001902105700002002124700002102144700002302165700001702188700001702205700002502222700002002247700001802267700001702285700002502302700002002327700002202347700002402369700002302393700001702416700001802433700002302451700002102474700002202495700001902517700002102536700002202557700002202579700001402601700002602615856010002641       2024                        eng d  a2692-820500aThe development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain.0 adevelopment of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain  c2024 Nov 093 a<p>The neurophysiological mechanisms supporting brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory capacity across the lifespan. Human brain regions develop at different rates, with many regions developing into the third and fourth decades of life. Here, in this preregistered study (https://osf.io/gsru7), we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings from widespread brain regions in a large developmental cohort. Using task-based (i.e., attention to-be-remembered visual stimuli) and task-free (resting-state) data from 101 children and adults (5.93 - 54.00 years, 63 males;  electrodes = 5691), we mapped aperiodic (1/ƒ-like) activity, a proxy of excitation:inhibition (E:I) balance with steeper slopes indexing inhibition and flatter slopes indexing excitation. We reveal that aperiodic slopes flatten with age into young adulthood in both association and sensorimotor cortices, challenging models of early sensorimotor development based on brain structure. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), attentional state modulated age effects, revealing steeper task-based than task-free slopes in adults and the opposite in children, consistent with the development of cognitive control. Age-related differences in task-based slopes also explained age-related gains in memory performance, linking the development of PFC cognitive control to the development of memory. Last, with additional structural imaging measures, we reveal that age-related differences in gray matter volume are differentially associated with aperiodic slopes in association and sensorimotor cortices. Our findings establish developmental trajectories of aperiodic activity in localized brain regions and illuminate the development of PFC inhibitory control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.</p>1 aCross, Zachariah, R1 aGray, Samantha, M1 aDede, Adam, J O1 aRivera, Yessenia, M1 aYin, Qin1 aVahidi, Parisa1 aRau, Elias, M B1 aCyr, Christopher1 aHolubecki, Ania, M1 aAsano, Eishi1 aLin, Jack, J1 aMcManus, Olivia, Kim1 aSattar, Shifteh1 aSaez, Ignacio1 aGirgis, Fady1 aKing-Stephens, David1 aWeber, Peter, B1 aLaxer, Kenneth, D1 aSchuele, Stephan, U1 aRosenow, Joshua, M1 aWu, Joyce, Y1 aLam, Sandi, K1 aRaskin, Jeffrey, S1 aChang, Edward, F1 aShaikhouni, Ammar1 aBrunner, Peter1 aRoland, Jarod, L1 aBraga, Rodrigo, M1 aKnight, Robert, T1 aOfen, Noa1 aJohnson, Elizabeth, L  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/development-aperiodic-neural-activity-human-brain