02038nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016300041210006900204520121400273100002301487700002701510700002501537700002801562700002101590700001601611700001701627700001601644700002001660700001101680700001101691856011801702       2025                        eng d00aTailored robotic training improves hand function and proprioceptive processing in stroke survivors with proprioceptive deficits: A randomized controlled trial0 aTailored robotic training improves hand function and propriocept3 aPrecision rehabilitation aims to tailor movement training to improve outcomes. We tested whether proprioceptively-tailored robotic training improves hand function and neural processing in stroke survivors. Using a robotic finger exoskeleton, we tested two proprioceptively-tailored approaches: Propriopixel Training, which uses robot-facilitated, gamified movements to enhance proprioceptive processing, and Virtual Assistance Training, which reduces robotic aid to increase reliance on self-generated feedback. In a randomized controlled trial, forty-six chronic stroke survivors completed nine 2-hour sessions of Standard, Propriopixel or Virtual training. Among participants with proprioceptive deficits, Propriopixel ((Box and Block Test: 7 +/- 4.2, p=0.002) and Virtual Assistance (4.5 +/- 4.4 , p=0.068) yielded greater gains in hand function (Standard: 0.8 +/- 2.3 blocks). Proprioceptive gains correlated with improvements in hand function. Tailored training enhanced neural sensitivity to proprioceptive cues, evidenced by a novel EEG biomarker, the proprioceptive Contingent Negative Variation. These findings support proprioceptively-tailored training as a pathway to precision neurorehabilitation.1 aFarrens, Andria, J1 aGarcia-Fernandez, Luis1 aRojas, Raymond, Diaz1 aEstrada, Jillian, Obeso1 aReinsdorf, Dylan1 aChan, Vicky1 aGupta, Disha1 aPerry, Joel1 aWolbrecht, Eric1 aDo, An1 aothers  uhttps://neurotechcenter.org/publications/2025/tailored-robotic-training-improves-hand-function-and-proprioceptive