02204nas a2200469 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001200225300000900237490000700246520081300253653001001066653002001076653001801096653001001114653002001124653003301144653002701177653001601204653001301220653001101233653003101244653003101275653002001306653001801326653001201344653001701356653001601373653003001389653001301419653003201432653004901464653002401513653003801537100002501575700001701600700002201617700002301639710002401662856004801686 2009 eng d a1525-506900aAdvances in the application of technology to epilepsy: the CIMIT/NIO Epilepsy Innovation Summit.0 aAdvances in the application of technology to epilepsy the CIMITN c09/2009 a3-460 v163 a

In 2008, a group of clinicians, scientists, engineers, and industry representatives met to discuss advances in the application of engineering technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. The presentations also provided a guide for further technological development, specifically in the evaluation of patients for epilepsy surgery, seizure onset detection and seizure prediction, intracranial treatment systems, and extracranial treatment systems. This article summarizes the discussions and demonstrates that cross-disciplinary interactions can catalyze collaborations between physicians and engineers to address and solve many of the pressing unmet needs in epilepsy.

10aAdult10aAnticonvulsants10aBrain Mapping10aChild10aDrug Resistance10aElectric Stimulation Therapy10aElectroencephalography10aEngineering10aEpilepsy10aHumans10aMagnetic Resonance Imaging10aMedical Laboratory Science10aMicroelectrodes10aNanoparticles10aNeurons10aNeurosurgery10aNeurotoxins10aPredictive Value of Tests10aSeizures10aSpectroscopy, Near-Infrared10aTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon10aTomography, Optical10aTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation1 aSchachter, Steven, C1 aGuttag, John1 aSchiff, Steven, J1 aSchomer, Donald, L1 aSummit Contributors uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1978022503287nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260001200203300002600215490000700241520252600248653001002774653001102784653002402795653001302819653001702832653002802849653002802877100001902905700001902924700001302943700001702956856004802973 2006 eng d a1524-404000aThe emerging world of motor neuroprosthetics: a neurosurgical perspective.0 aemerging world of motor neuroprosthetics a neurosurgical perspec c07/2006 a1-14; discussion 1-140 v593 a

A MOTOR NEUROPROSTHETIC device, or brain computer interface, is a machine that can take some type of signal from the brain and convert that information into overt device control such that it reflects the intentions of the user's brain. In essence, these constructs can decode the electrophysiological signals representing motor intent. With the parallel evolution of neuroscience, engineering, and rapid computing, the era of clinical neuroprosthetics is approaching as a practical reality for people with severe motor impairment. Patients with such diseases as spinal cord injury, stroke, limb loss, and neuromuscular disorders may benefit through the implantation of these brain computer interfaces that serve to augment their ability to communicate and interact with their environment. In the upcoming years, it will be important for the neurosurgeon to understand what a brain computer interface is, its fundamental principle of operation, and what the salient surgical issues are when considering implantation. We review the current state of the field of motor neuroprosthetics research, the early clinical applications, and the essential considerations from a neurosurgical perspective for the future.

10aBrain10aHumans10aMan-Machine Systems10aMovement10aNeurosurgery10aProstheses and Implants10aUser-Computer Interface1 aLeuthardt, E C1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aMoran, D1 aOjemann, J G uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823294