<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moheimanian, Ladan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevopoulou, Sivylla E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adamek, Markus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schalk, Gerwin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modulation in cortical excitability disrupts information transfer in perceptual-level stimulus processing.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acoustic Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpha Rhythm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auditory Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortical Excitability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">118498</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Despite significant interest in the neural underpinnings of behavioral variability, little light has been shed on the cortical mechanism underlying the failure to respond to perceptual-level stimuli. We hypothesized that cortical activity resulting from perceptual-level stimuli is sensitive to the moment-to-moment fluctuations in cortical excitability, and thus may not suffice to produce a behavioral response. We tested this hypothesis using electrocorticographic recordings to follow the propagation of cortical activity in six human subjects that responded to perceptual-level auditory stimuli. Here we show that for presentations that did not result in a behavioral response, the likelihood of cortical activity decreased from auditory cortex to motor cortex, and was related to reduced local cortical excitability. Cortical excitability was quantified using instantaneous voltage during a short window prior to cortical activity onset. Therefore, when humans are presented with an auditory stimulus close to perceptual-level threshold, moment-by-moment fluctuations in cortical excitability determine whether cortical responses to sensory stimulation successfully connect auditory input to a resultant behavioral response.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ReFaey, Karim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tripathi, Shashwat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhargav, Adip G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grewal, Sanjeet S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middlebrooks, Erik H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabsevitz, David S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jentoft, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Adela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatum, William O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritaccio, Anthony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaichana, Kaisorn L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential differences between monolingual and bilingual patients in approach and outcome after awake brain surgery.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurooncol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurooncol</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craniotomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow-Up Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glioma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring, Intraoperative</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prognosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seizures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wakefulness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">148</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">587-598</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTRODUCTION: &lt;/b&gt;20.8% of the United States population and 67% of the European population speak two or more languages. Intraoperative different languages, mapping, and localization are crucial. This investigation aims to address three questions between BL and ML patients: (1) Are there differences in complications (i.e. seizures) and DECS techniques during intra-operative brain mapping? (2) Is EOR different? and (3) Are there differences in the recovery pattern post-surgery?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Data from 56 patients that underwent left-sided awake craniotomy for tumors infiltrating possible dominant hemisphere language areas from September 2016 to June 2019 were identified and analyzed in this study; 14 BL and 42 ML control patients. Patient demographics, education level, and the age of language acquisition were documented and evaluated. fMRI was performed on all participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;0 (0%) BL and 3 (7%) ML experienced intraoperative seizures (P = 0.73). BL patients received a higher direct DECS current in comparison to the ML patients (average = 4.7, 3.8, respectively, P = 0.03). The extent of resection was higher in ML patients in comparison to the BL patients (80.9 vs. 64.8, respectively, P = 0.04). The post-operative KPS scores were higher in BL patients in comparison to ML patients (84.3, 77.4, respectively, P = 0.03). BL showed lower drop in post-operative KPS in comparison to ML patients (- 4.3, - 8.7, respectively, P = 0.03).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;We show that BL patients have a lower incidence of intra-operative seizures, lower EOR, higher post-operative KPS and tolerate higher DECS current, in comparison to ML patients.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Guangye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, Shize</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Zehan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schalk, Gerwin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Liang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Dingguo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">iEEGview: an open-source multifunction GUI-based Matlab toolbox for localization and visualization of human intracranial electrodes.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neural Eng</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neural Eng</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes, Implanted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">016016</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;The precise localization of intracranial electrodes is a fundamental step relevant to the analysis of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings in various fields. With the increasing development of iEEG studies in human neuroscience, higher requirements have been posed on the localization process, resulting in urgent demand for more integrated, easy-operation and versatile tools for electrode localization and visualization. With the aim of addressing this need, we develop an easy-to-use and multifunction toolbox called iEEGview, which can be used for the localization and visualization of human intracranial electrodes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;APPROACH: &lt;/b&gt;iEEGview is written in Matlab scripts and implemented with a GUI. From the GUI, by taking only pre-implant MRI and post-implant CT images as input, users can directly run the full localization pipeline including brain segmentation, image co-registration, electrode reconstruction, anatomical information identification, activation map generation and electrode projection from native brain space into common brain space for group analysis. Additionally, iEEGview implements methods for brain shift correction, visual location inspection on MRI slices and computation of certainty index in anatomical label assignment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MAIN RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;All the introduced functions of iEEGview work reliably and successfully, and are tested by images from 28 human subjects implanted with depth and/or subdural electrodes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SIGNIFICANCE: &lt;/b&gt;iEEGview is the first public Matlab GUI-based software for intracranial electrode localization and visualization that holds integrated capabilities together within one pipeline. iEEGview promotes convenience and efficiency for the localization process, provides rich localization information for further analysis and offers solutions for addressing raised technical challenges. Therefore, it can serve as a useful tool in facilitating iEEG studies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritaccio, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schalk, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical Stimulation Mapping of the Brain: Basic Principles and Emerging Alternatives</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corticocortical-evoked potentials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrical stimulation mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional localization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passive gamma mapping</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://journals.lww.com/clinicalneurophys/Abstract/2018/03000/Electrical_Stimulation_Mapping_of_the_Brain__.2.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">86-97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The application of electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of the brain for clinical use is approximating a century. Despite this long-standing history, the value of ESM for guiding surgical resections and sparing eloquent cortex is documented largely by small retrospective studies, and ESM protocols are largely inherited and lack standardization. Although models are imperfect and mechanisms are complex, the probabilistic causality of ESM has guaranteed its perpetuation into the 21st century. At present, electrical stimulation of cortical tissue is being revisited for network connectivity. In addition, noninvasive and passive mapping techniques are rapidly evolving to complement and potentially replace ESM in specific clinical situations. Lesional and epilepsy neurosurgery cases now offer different opportunities for multimodal functional assessments.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunduz, Aysegul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hermes, Dora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Lawrence J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, Joshua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamada, Kyousuke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kastner, Sabine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert T. Knight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesser, Ronald P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Kai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sejnowski, Terrence</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Worrell, Gregory</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain-computer interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electrical stimulation mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">functional mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamma-frequency electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-frequency oscillations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroprosthetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seizure detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subdural grid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25461213</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography convened in San Diego, CA, on November 7-8, 2013. Advancements in methodology, implementation, and commercialization across both research and in the interval year since the last workshop were the focus of the gathering. Electrocorticography (ECoG) is now firmly established as a preferred signal source for advanced research in functional, cognitive, and neuroprosthetic domains. Published output in ECoG fields has increased tenfold in the past decade. These proceedings attempt to summarize the state of the art.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korostenskaja, Milena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Po-Ching</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salinas, Christine M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerveld, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Jane C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumgartner, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Ki H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Real-time functional mapping: potential tool for improving language outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosurg Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosurg Pediatr</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticonvulsants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsies, Partial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity and Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Speech</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995815</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">287-95</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Accurate language localization expands surgical treatment options for epilepsy patients and reduces the risk of postsurgery language deficits. Electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is considered to be the clinical gold standard for language localization. While ESM affords clinically valuable results, it can be poorly tolerated by children, requires active participation and compliance, carries a risk of inducing seizures, is highly time consuming, and is labor intensive. Given these limitations, alternative and/or complementary functional localization methods such as analysis of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity in high gamma frequency band in real time are needed to precisely identify eloquent cortex in children. In this case report, the authors examined 1) the use of real-time functional mapping (RTFM) for language localization in a high gamma frequency band derived from ECoG to guide surgery in an epileptic pediatric patient and 2) the relationship of RTFM mapping results to postsurgical language outcomes. The authors found that RTFM demonstrated relatively high sensitivity (75%) and high specificity (90%) when compared with ESM in a &quot;next-neighbor&quot; analysis. While overlapping with ESM in the superior temporal region, RTFM showed a few other areas of activation related to expressive language function, areas that were eventually resected during the surgery. The authors speculate that this resection may be associated with observed postsurgical expressive language deficits. With additional validation in more subjects, this finding would suggest that surgical planning and associated assessment of the risk/benefit ratio would benefit from information provided by RTFM mapping.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan E. Crone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunduz, Aysegul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirsch, Lawrence J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kanwisher, Nancy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litt, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kai J. Miller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morani, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parvizi, Josef</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramsey, Nick F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richner, Thomas J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tandon, Niton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Justin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy &amp; Behavior</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain–computer interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamma-frequency electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-frequency oscillations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroprosthetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seizure detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subdural grid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24034899</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">259–68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Fourth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography (ECoG) convened in New Orleans, LA, on October 11–12, 2012. The proceedings of the workshop serves as an accurate record of the most contemporary clinical and experimental work on brain surface recording and represents the insights of a unique multidisciplinary ensemble of expert clinicians and scientists. Presentations covered a broad range of topics, including innovations in passive functional mapping, increased understanding of pathologic high-frequency oscillations, evolving sensor technologies, a human trial of ECoG-driven brain–machine interface, as well as fresh insights into brain electrical stimulation.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beauchamp, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosman, Conrado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, Edward</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan E. Crone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunduz, Aysegul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disha Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert T. Knight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litt, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moran, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojemann, Jeffrey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parvizi, Josef</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramsey, Nick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rieger, Jochem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viventi, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voytek, Bradley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Justin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">brain-computer interface</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocorticography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamma-frequency electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-frequency oscillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroprosthetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seizure detection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subdural grid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160096</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">605-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Third International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography (ECoG) was convened in Washington, DC, on November 10-11, 2011. As in prior meetings, a true multidisciplinary fusion of clinicians, scientists, and engineers from many disciplines gathered to summarize contemporary experiences in brain surface recordings. The proceedings of this meeting serve as evidence of a very robust and transformative field but will yet again require revision to incorporate the advances that the following year will surely bring.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bianchi, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guger, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cincotti, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Trends in Hardware and Software for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neural Eng</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neural Eng</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biofeedback, Psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Equipment Design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Equipment Failure Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Man-Machine Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Software</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User-Computer Interface</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436536</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">025001</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain-computer interface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;) provides a non-muscular communication channel to people with and without disabilities.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;devices consist of hardware and software.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;hardware records signals from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;, either invasively or non-invasively, using a series of device components.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;software then translates these signals into device output commands and provides feedback. One may categorize different types of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;applications into the following four categories: basic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;, clinical/translational&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;, consumer products, and emerging applications. These four categories use&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;hardware and software, but have different sets of requirements. For example, while basic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;needs to explore a wide range of system configurations, and thus requires a wide range of hardware and software capabilities, applications in the other three categories may be designed for relatively narrow purposes and thus may only need a very limited subset of capabilities. This paper summarizes technical aspects for each of these four categories of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;applications. The results indicate that&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;technology is in transition from isolated demonstrations to systematic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and commercial&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;. This process requires several multidisciplinary efforts, including the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;of better integrated and more robust&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;BCI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;hardware and software, the definition of standardized&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;interfaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;, and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;of certification, dissemination and reimbursement procedures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boatman-Reich, Dana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cervenka, Mackenzie C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Andrew J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan E. Crone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duckrow, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korzeniewska, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litt, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, John W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moran, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parvizi, Josef</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viventi, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Justin C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User-Computer Interface</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036287</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">641-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;The Second International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography (ECoG) was convened in San Diego, CA, USA, on November 11-12, 2010. Between this meeting and the inaugural 2009 event, a much clearer picture has been emerging of cortical ECoG physiology and its relationship to local field potentials and single-cell recordings. Innovations in material engineering are advancing the goal of a stable long-term recording interface. Continued evolution of ECoG-driven brain-computer interface technology is determining innovation in neuroprosthetics. Improvements in instrumentation and statistical methodologies continue to elucidate ECoG correlates of normal human function as well as the ictal state. This proceedings document summarizes the current status of this rapidly evolving field.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pei, Xiao-Mei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles M Gaona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan Wolpaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic high gamma activity during overt and covert word repetition.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verbal Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029784</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2960-72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Language is one of the defining abilities of humans. Many studies have characterized the neural correlates of different aspects of language processing. However, the imaging techniques typically used in these studies were limited in either their temporal or spatial resolution. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from the surface of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;combine high spatial with high temporal resolution and thus could be a valuable tool for the study of neural correlates of language function. In this study, we defined the spatiotemporal dynamics of ECoG activity during a word repetition task in nine human subjects. ECoG was recorded while each subject overtly or covertly repeated words that were presented either visually or auditorily. ECoG amplitudes in the high gamma (HG) band confidently tracked neural changes associated with stimulus presentation and with the subject's verbal response. Overt word production was primarily associated with HG changes in the superior and middle parts of temporal lobe, Wernicke's area, the supramarginal gyrus, Broca's area, premotor cortex (PMC), primary motor cortex. Covert word production was primarily associated with HG changes in superior temporal lobe and the supramarginal gyrus. Acoustic processing from both auditory stimuli as well as the subject's own voice resulted in HG power changes in superior temporal lobe and Wernicke's area. In summary, this study represents a comprehensive characterization of overt and covert speech using electrophysiological imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. It thereby complements the findings of previous neuroimaging studies of language and thus further adds to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;understanding of word processing in humans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roland, Jarod</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passive real-time identification of speech and motor cortex during an awake craniotomy.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craniotomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurologic Examination</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478745</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Precise localization of eloquent cortex is a clinical necessity prior to surgical resections adjacent to speech or&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;cortex. In the intraoperative setting, this traditionally requires inducing temporary lesions by direct electrocortical stimulation (DECS). In an attempt to increase efficiency and potentially reduce the amount of necessary stimulation, we used a passive mapping procedure in the setting of an awake craniotomy for tumor in two patients resection. We recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals from exposed cortex while patients performed simple cue-directed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and speech tasks. SIGFRIED, a procedure for real-time event detection, was used to identify areas of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;cortical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;activation by detecting task-related modulations in the ECoG high gamma band. SIGFRIED's real-time output quickly localized&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and speech areas of cortex similar to those identified by DECS. In conclusion, real-time passive identification of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;cortical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;function using SIGFRIED may serve as a useful adjunct to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;cortical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;stimulation mapping in the intraoperative setting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cervenka, Mackenzie C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan E. Crone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guger, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oostenveld, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stacey, William</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the first international workshop on advances in electrocorticography.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Cooperation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seizures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signal Detection, Psychological</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889384</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">204-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;In October 2009, a group of neurologists, neurosurgeons, computational neuroscientists, and engineers congregated to present novel developments transforming human electrocorticography (ECoG) beyond its established relevance in clinical epileptology. The contents of the proceedings advanced the role of ECoG in seizure detection and prediction, neurobehavioral research, functional mapping, and brain-computer interface technology. The meeting established the foundation for future work on the methodology and application of surface brain recordings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A L Ritaccio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lynch, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emrich, Joseph F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam J Wilson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Justin C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aarnoutse, Erik J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramsey, Nick F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H Bischof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A practical procedure for real-time functional mapping of eloquent cortex using electrocorticographic signals in humans.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy Behav</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electric Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes, Implanted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19366638</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Functional mapping of eloquent cortex is often necessary prior to invasive brain surgery, but current techniques that derive this mapping have important limitations. In this article, we demonstrate the first comprehensive evaluation of a rapid, robust, and practical mapping system that uses passive recordings of electrocorticographic signals. This mapping procedure is based on the BCI2000 and SIGFRIED technologies that we have been developing over the past several years. In our study, we evaluated 10 patients with epilepsy from four different institutions and compared the results of our procedure with the results derived using electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping. The results show that our procedure derives a functional motor cortical map in only a few minutes. They also show a substantial concurrence with the results derived using ECS mapping. Specifically, compared with ECS maps, a next-neighbor evaluation showed no false negatives, and only 0.46 and 1.10% false positives for hand and tongue maps, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate the first comprehensive evaluation of a practical and robust mapping procedure that could become a new tool for planning of invasive brain surgeries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lester A Gerhardt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H Bischof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan Wolpaw</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs): Detection Instead of Classification.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosci Methods</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Neurosci. Methods</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrocardiography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Man-Machine Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Normal Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Online Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signal Detection, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Software Validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User-Computer Interface</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17920134</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;Many studies over the past two decades have shown that people can use&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signals to convey their intent to a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;computer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;through&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain-computer interfaces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(BCIs). These devices operate by recording signals from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and translating these signals into device commands. They can be used by people who are severely paralyzed to communicate without any use of muscle activity. One of the major impediments in translating this novel technology into&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;clinical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;applications is the current requirement for preliminary analyses to identify the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signal features best suited for communication. This paper introduces and validates signal detection, which does not require such analysis procedures, as a new concept in BCI signal processing. This detection concept is realized with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) that are used to model resting&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;activity so that any change in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;relevant&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signals can be detected. It is implemented in a package called SIGFRIED (SIGnal modeling For Real-time Identification and Event Detection). The results indicate that SIGFRIED produces results that are within the range of those achieved using a common analysis strategy that requires preliminary identification of signal features. They indicate that such laborious analysis procedures could be replaced by merely recording&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signals during rest. In summary, this paper demonstrates how SIGFRIED could be used to overcome one of the present impediments to translation of laboratory BCI demonstrations into clinically practical applications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Brunner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojemann, J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lester A Gerhardt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan Wolpaw</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Real-time detection of event-related brain activity.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evoked Potentials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattern Recognition, Automated</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproducibility of Results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensitivity and Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18718544</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;The complexity and inter-individual variation of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signals impedes real-time detection of events in raw signals. To convert these complex signals into results that can be readily understood, current approaches usually apply statistical methods to data from known conditions after all data have been collected. The capability to provide meaningful visualization of complex&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signals without the requirement to initially collect data from all conditions would provide a new tool, essentially a new imaging technique, that would open up new avenues for the study of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;function. Here we show that a new analysis approach, called SIGFRIED, can overcome this serious limitation of current methods. SIGFRIED can visualize&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;signal changes without requiring prior data collection from all conditions. This capacity is particularly well suited to applications in which comprehensive prior data collection is impossible or impractical, such as intraoperative localization of cortical function or detection of epileptic seizures.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>