<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiang Yang Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yi Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, Aiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan S. Carp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Segal, Richard L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan Wolpaw</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reflex conditioning: a new strategy for improving motor function after spinal cord injury.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H-Reflex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning and memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Locomotion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plasticity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reflex conditioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehabilitation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spinal cord injury</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590534</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1198 Suppl 1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E12–E21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal reflex conditioning changes reflex size, induces spinal cord plasticity, and modifies locomotion. Appropriate reflex conditioning can improve walking in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). Reflex conditioning offers a new therapeutic strategy for restoring function in people with SCI. This approach can address the specific deficits of individuals with SCI by targeting specific reflex pathways for increased or decreased responsiveness. In addition, once clinically significant regeneration can be achieved, reflex conditioning could provide a means of reeducating the newly (and probably imperfectly) reconnected spinal cord.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pillai, Shreejith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonathan Wolpaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiang Yang Chen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H-reflex down-conditioning greatly increases the number of identifiable GABAergic interneurons in rat ventral horn.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroscience letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">activity-dependent plasticity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GABAergic interneurons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H-reflex conditioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">learning and memory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spinal Cord</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19383426</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">452</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124–129</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H-reflex down-conditioning increases GABAergic terminals on spinal cord motoneurons. To explore the origins of these terminals, we studied the numbers and distributions of spinal cord GABAergic interneurons. The number of identifiable GABAergic interneurons in the ventral horn was 78% greater in rats in which down-conditioning was successful than in naive rats or rats in which down-conditioning failed. No increase occurred in other spinal lamina or on the contralateral side. This finding supports the hypothesis that the corticospinal tract influence that induces the motoneuron plasticity underlying down-conditioning reaches the motoneuron through GABAergic interneurons in the ventral horn.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>