<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Nayoung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Sullivan, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olafson, Emily</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caliendo, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowak, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voss, Henning U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowder, Ryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watson, William D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivanidze, Jana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fins, Joseph J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schiff, Nicholas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, N Jeremy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shah, Sudhin A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive-Motor Dissociation Following Pediatric Brain Injury: What About the Children?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurol Clin Pract</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurol Clin Pract</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">248-257</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;Following severe brain injury, up to 16% of adults showing no clinical signs of cognitive function nonetheless have preserved cognitive capacities detectable via neuroimaging and neurophysiology; this has been designated cognitive-motor dissociation (CMD). Pediatric medicine lacks both practice guidelines for identifying covert cognition and epidemiologic data regarding CMD prevalence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We applied a diverse battery of neuroimaging and neurophysiologic tests to evaluate 2 adolescents (aged 15 and 18 years) who had shown no clinical evidence of preserved cognitive function following brain injury at age 9 and 13 years, respectively. Clinical evaluations were consistent with minimally conscious state (minus) and vegetative state, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Both participants' EEG, and 1 participant's fMRI, provided evidence that they could understand commands and make consistent voluntary decisions to follow them. Both participants' EEG demonstrated larger-than-expected responses to auditory stimuli and intact semantic processing of words in context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DISCUSSION: &lt;/b&gt;These converging lines of evidence lead us to conclude that both participants had preserved cognitive function dissociated from their motor output. Throughout the 5+ years since injury, communication attempts and therapy had remained uninformed by such objective evidence of their cognitive abilities. Proper diagnosis of CMD is an ethical imperative. Children with covert cognition reflect a vulnerable and isolated population; the methods outlined here provide a first step in identifying such persons to advance efforts to alleviate their condition.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goering, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klein, Eran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specker Sullivan, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wexler, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agüera Y Arcas, Blaise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bi, Guoqiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmena, Jose M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fins, Joseph J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friesen, Phoebe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallant, Jack</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huggins, Jane E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kellmeyer, Philipp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marblestone, Adam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parens, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pham, Michelle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubel, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadato, Norihiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teicher, Mina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wasserman, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whittaker, Meredith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolpaw, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuste, Rafael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroethics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroethics</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365-386</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including &quot;Neurorights,&quot; for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users' control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>