<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, V M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disha Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neu, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cotroneo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chadwick B. Boulay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seegal, R F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novel inter-hemispheric white matter connectivity in the BTBR mouse model of autism.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Res</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Res.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Variance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autistic Disorder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corpus Callosum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Models, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Functional Laterality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Inbred C57BL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Neurologic Mutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microtubule-Associated Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myelin Basic Protein</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nerve Fibers, Myelinated</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectrum Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570707</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1513</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-33</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alterations in the volume, density, connectivity and functional activation of white matter tracts are reported in some individuals with autism and may contribute to their abnormal behaviors. The BTBR (BTBR T+tf/J) inbred strain of mouse, is used to model facets of autism because they develop low social behaviors, stereotypical and immune changes similar to those found in people with autism. Previously, it was thought a total absence of corpus callosal interhemispheric connective tissues in the BTBR mice may underlie their abnormal behaviors. However, postnatal lesions of the corpus callosum do not precipitate social behavioral problems in other strains of mice suggesting a flaw in this theory. In this study we used digital pathological methods to compare subcortical white matter connective tracts in the BTBR strain of mice with those found in the C57Bl/6 mouse and those reported in a standardized mouse brain atlas. We report, for the first time, a novel connective subcortical interhemispheric bridge of tissue in the posterior, but not anterior, cerebrum of the BTBR mouse. These novel connective tissues are comprised of myelinated fibers, with reduced myelin basic protein levels (MBP) compared to levels in the C57Bl/6 mouse. We used electrophysiological analysis and found increased inter-hemispheric connectivity in the posterior hemispheres of the BTBR strain compared with the anterior hemispheres. The conduction velocity was slower than that reported in normal mice. This study shows there is novel abnormal interhemispheric connectivity in the BTBR strain of mice, which may contribute to their behavioral abnormalities.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles M Gaona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, Mohit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zachary V. Freudenberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breshears, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bundy, David T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roland, Jarod</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbour, Dennis L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerwin Schalk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuthardt, E C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonuniform high-gamma (60-500 Hz) power changes dissociate cognitive task and anatomy in human cortex.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Neurosci.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acoustic Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Variance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Waves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epilepsy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evoked Potentials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonlinear Dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photic Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reaction Time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectrum Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocabulary</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307246</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2091-100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;High-gamma-band (&amp;gt;60 Hz) power changes in cortical electrophysiology are a reliable indicator of focal, event-related cortical activity. Despite discoveries of oscillatory subthreshold and synchronous suprathreshold activity at the cellular level, there is an increasingly popular view that high-gamma-band amplitude changes recorded from cellular ensembles are the result of asynchronous firing activity that yields wideband and uniform power increases. Others have demonstrated independence of power changes in the low- and high-gamma bands, but to date, no studies have shown evidence of any such independence above 60 Hz. Based on nonuniformities in time-frequency analyses of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals, we hypothesized that induced high-gamma-band (60-500 Hz) power changes are more heterogeneous than currently understood. Using single-word repetition tasks in six human subjects, we showed that functional responsiveness of different ECoG high-gamma sub-bands can discriminate cognitive task (e.g., hearing, reading, speaking) and cortical locations. Power changes in these sub-bands of the high-gamma range are consistently present within single trials and have statistically different time courses within the trial structure. Moreover, when consolidated across all subjects within three task-relevant anatomic regions (sensorimotor, Broca's area, and superior temporal gyrus), these behavior- and location-dependent power changes evidenced nonuniform&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;trends&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;across the population. Together, the independence and nonuniformity of power changes across a broad range of frequencies suggest that a new approach to evaluating high-gamma-band cortical activity is necessary. These findings show that in addition to time and location, frequency is another fundamental dimension of high-gamma dynamics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record></records></xml>